Tag Archive for 'low-performing school'

Turnaround Without Turmoil, Part II

Washington Post columnist Marc Fisher set tongues in motion last week with his piece about Broad Acres Elementary School in Silver Spring, Maryland, a high-poverty school, which has reversed its performance in the last few years by raising expectations and cooperating with its teachers union.  In a promised follow up column, Fisher looks in on Truesdell Educational Center, a Washington, DC school demographically similar to Broad Acres.  “Could a similar turnaround happen in a D.C. school,” Fisher asks, “and does Rhee’s more confrontational approach make that kind of change more or less likely?”

As at Broad Acres, Truesdell principal Brearn Wright believes half the battle is persuading teachers that kids from dysfunctional backgrounds must be held to high standards, Fisher notes.  “He screened inspirational scenes from the movie ‘Miracle,’ about the 1980 U.S. Olympic ice hockey team.  But when Wright asked teachers to mark down what percentage of Truesdell kids should be making the proficient grade in reading, only a few dared to write 100. Most wrote numbers such as 55, 65, 68 or 69,” Fisher reports.

In the classrooms, in stark contrast to many D.C. schools, students seem engaged and eager to progress. The atmosphere is still colder and more militaristic than in more successful schools; a teacher wins quiet by announcing, “Work harder,” to which the children respond, in Pavlovian fashion, “Get smarter.” But there are creative projects in nearly every room. In the third-floor hallway, two fifth-grade boys take notes on a clipboard; they are finding fractions — a door half-open, a coffee cup four-fifths empty, and so on.

“Test scores aren’t in yet, and no one expects miracles,” Fisher concludes. ”‘We’re not there,’ Wright says, ‘but we’re getting there. Kids are learning.’ At Truesdell, in part because of the chancellor’s confrontational ways and in part in spite of them, it feels like a revolution is brewing.”

Fisher’s original column drew both praise and scorn around the blogs, and started an interesting thread of discussion on the optimal unit of currency — the school or the district — in reversing low achievement. “Single schools like Broad Acres really can be saved,” commented 30-year veteran teacher-blogger Nancy Flanagan, “because tools like professional development, better curriculum, more time and community-building commitment actually can work at that level, where people area not anonymous cogs and individual kids’ progress can be carefully tracked.”

My own sense is that enthusiasm for change (which equals fidelity of implementation) is enormously important.  Lack of staff buy-in for any program, curriculum or flavor of reform is almost certainly its death knell, which is why leadership is so important.  I hope Fisher revisits these schools and reports back from time to time.

Less is More

NewsweekNewsweek has a familiar-feeling piece on breaking up big behemoth high schools into smaller, more personal schools.  To describe the approach, as Newsweek does as “the biggest wave of school reform to hit that classic American institution, the comprehensive high school, in 30 years” seems a bit breathless in its hyperbole. 

Critics say that creating small high schools out of large ones merely masks the real problem: coming up with a national consensus on what children should be learning in high school and making sure they learn it. “The size of the school matters less than the quality of the curriculum,” argues Brookings Institution scholar Diane Ravitch, an educational historian. Although small high schools may be moderately beneficial for the most impoverished kids, who do better in a more personal environment, real improvement in high school won’t begin “until we come up with a universal curriculum.”

After that speedbump, it’s acres of the usual anecdotes about the personal touch, teachers and administrators getting to know students and “education on a human scale” before getting around to noting that “at small high schools across the city and across the nation measures of student achievement have flatlined, and some schools have even seen dips in math scores.”

(Amusing sidenote: Newsweek describes NYC Schools Chancellor Joe Klein as “a small, bespectacled former Justice Department lawyer.”)

I’m all for shuttering lousy schools and tend to favor small small schools reflexively, but let’s talk about which ones work and why. 

High End Problems

New research confirms what seems obvious to many teachers in inner city schools: the students who are at the greatest disadvantage in U.S. public schools are the brightest African-American children.

“As black students move through elementary and middle school, these studies show, the test-score gaps that separate them from their better-performing white counterparts grow fastest among the most able students and the most slowly for those who start out with below-average academic skills,” Education Week reports.

The reasons why achievement gaps are wider at the upper end of the achievement scale are still unclear, says Ed Week. But it was crystal clear to me in my South Bronx elementary school: every live, twitching nerve ending was aimed at getting kids who scored below grade level over the hump. The kids who were already there were viewed as finished goods. Such potentially high-achieving children, I was pointedly told by my AP once, were “not your problem.”

The “not your problem” kids walk in smart and walk out smart, largely by accident of birth. While they’re in school, they are nearly completely neglected, and as a result achieve not nearly as much as they would have (while still testing at or above grade level on dumbed-down state tests) had they not been starved for oxygen in an underperforming school, where they were constantly praised for being bright, but had few demands placed upon them, and where opportunities for enrichment, in or out of school, were non-existent.

“Some experts believe the patterns have something to do with the fact that African-American children tend to be taught in predominantly black schools, where test scores are lower on average, teachers are less experienced, and high-achieving peers are harder to find,” says Ed Week.

Sure, that too. But mostly, its not-so-benign neglect.

In one of the studies, Stanford University professor Sean F. Reardon, looked at the test data for nearly 7,000 elementary students and found that the achievement gaps grew twice as fast among the students who started out performing above the mean than they did among lower-performing children. “The long-term implication of this is that, if these gaps continue to grow throughout their schooling career, even kids who enter kindergarten with high levels of readiness are going to end up falling below where they started,” said Mr. Reardon tells Ed Week.

Get Me Rewrite!

Milwaukee Journal-SentinelColumnist Eugene Kane is upset by the performance of Wisconsin’s black 8th graders on the recently released NAEP Writing results. He’s just as upset with how his paper, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel played the story.

“State black 8th-graders rank worst in nation in writing,” the headline read.

“There’s always plenty of blame to go around when things get this dismal,” Kane writes. “I’m talking teachers, principals, politicians, business leaders, and of course, the parents of all those low-achieving students. But don’t worry about blaming the kids. They already got theirs in that screaming headline.”

“Any story about failing black kids always includes the usual comments from adults embarrassed by the situation who insist things can get better. The problem is too many people are already way too familiar with the below-par performance of black students in Milwaukee to believe anybody cares,” he concludes.

Kane’s kicker delivers a kick in the teeth:

“To be fair, the headline should probably be more inclusive next time, naming Wisconsin as the home of “the worst teachers and parents of black eighth-grade students in the nation. Doesn’t feel too good, does it?”

Turning Around a Turnaround Tale

A few years ago, the trustees of Chattanooga’s Benwood Foundation resolved to do whatever it took to reverse the failure of several of that city’s failing schools, devoting millions of dollars in grants to raise student achievement. The focus on attracting and retaining highly qualified teachers with financial incentives paid off and the “Benwood Initiative” became a nationally heralded school turnaround “how-to” tale.

Education SectorA new Education Sector report by Ellen Silva argues that “Benwood’s success was not just about attracting new talent, but helping existing teachers improve the quality of their instruction. Arguments that the initiative brought new and better teachers to troubled Chattanooga schools, however are overstated.

“These findings have implications for other districts looking to turn around low-performing schools—of which there are many in the era of the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB),” Silva notes. “There is no doubt that disadvantaged students are disproportionately likely in American education to be taught by less experienced, less qualified, less effective teachers….As the Benwood Initiative demonstrates, individual teacher effectiveness is not a fixed trait. School systems can take many steps, as Hamilton County has, to improve teachers’ work in classrooms.”

An Idea So Crazy It Just…Might…..Work!

I’m a sucker for thoughtful iconoclasts and unconventional wisdom, which may explain why I find a radical proposal being bandied about this week by Michael Goldstein, founder of the Match Charter Public High School in Boston, so appealing. Goldstein is arguing in favor of letting kids who want to drop out of high school leave, but creating funding to let them return once they’ve tasted life outside of school.

The idea is so out-of-the-mainstream that the Washington Post’s Jay Matthews gave nearly his entire column to let Goldstein explain himself because, as Matthews put it, “anyone who is willing to risk his splendid reputation to this degree should have a chance to explain all the details.”

But Goldstein’s idea is no crazier than the naive faith we place in the magic power of a high school diploma, which we treat as if it’s a magic amulet, protecting its owner. Too often we move kids up and move ‘em out, diploma in hand, and put a check mark next to the kid’s name on our To Do list. So what if the kid can hardly read? He’s got a diploma….Mission Accomplished!

Continue reading ‘An Idea So Crazy It Just…Might…..Work!’

The Big Picture?

The Baton Rouge AdvocateGreat instruction and a strong curriculum is the best test prep, right? And research shows “drill and kill” doesn’t work? But look inside a struggling school and you see, well, lots of test prep. “Schools Turn Focus to the Big Picture,” an article from the Baton Rouge Advocate, looks uncritically at Roseland Elementary, which includes “some of Tangipahoa Parish’s poorest students and is one of its lowest performing schools on state accountability measures.” Note that no attempt is made to downplay or hide the big test prep push that’s going on. Indeed, the piece seems to assume that this is what schools are supposed to do. Perhaps school officials do too, since the “big picture” of the title refers to the school’s strenuous test prep effort—the announced “40 Days of Focus,” described as “an intense time of preparation for the Louisiana Educational Assessment Program tests for fourth- and eighth-graders and other tests given in March.”

The 2% Solution

New York Daily NewsIf your child’s school is a persistent low performer, and you have the ability to transfer to a better school at no cost, including transportation, you’d leap at the chance, right? You might think so, except more people are still in the seats at the bitter end of the latest ugly Knicks blowout than transfer their children out of failing NYC schools. According to the New York Daily News, less than 2% of the 181,000 children eligible to transfer to higher-performing schools under NCLB actually did this year.

“Only 9,200 students even applied to leave their failing schools, and of those just 3,090 ultimately enrolled in a different school,” the paper reports. And if you’re tempted to ascribe those low numbers to a quirk in New York’s implementation of NCLB, think again. Nationwide last year, 120,000 students out of 5 million eligible took transfers, meaning New York’s average mirrors the country’s.

“Some parents of kids in failing schools told the Daily News they weren’t even aware they could transfer out, and some were turned away from better schools that are already overcrowded. And still other parents like their children’s schools just fine, even if they are labeled as failing, or think transferring kids will only make the institutions worse.”

City of Big Shoulders

Chicago TribuneMust have been asleep at the switch last week. How else to explain missing the news that Chicago is planning to fire hundreds of teachers and close eight chronically lousy schools—two high schools and the elementary schools that feed into them. A followup story in today’s Tribune puts the stunningly ambitious plan in perspective. “No one knows if turnarounds work,” Andrew Calkins of the Mass Insight Education and Research Institute tells the paper. “We spent two years looking at turnarounds and could not find a single example of turnaround work that was successful and sustained and done on scale, not just one school.”

Indeed, Chicago’s effort, which may be up for approval by the Board of Ed as soon as next month, is apparently unprecedented. “If they are taking chronically under-performing schools and working in a coordinated, clustered way, then that puts them on the cutting edge,” Calkins tells the Tribune. “And it only makes sense. Unless you can do the work they are doing in reinventing the whole system, you haven’t solved the problem.”

What If They Gave a Test and No One Came?

New York SunBack during the Vietnam War, “What if they gave a war and no one came” was a popular anti-war slogan. I was thinking about that in the run-up to the New York State ELA tests here in New York City. The pressure over standardized tests is enormous everywhere, but it seems especially acute here in the Big Apple, where the mayor and chancellor have made it a cornerstone of their reforms. A piece by yours truly in this morning’s New York Sun wonders out loud what might happen if parents in New York, who are clearly fed up with testing, decided to keep their kids home from school the day of the test.

As a teacher, I never had a problem with standardized tests. I still don’t. If you don’t want to be held accountable, you’re probably in the wrong line of work. The problem, obviously, is not the test but test prep. One of my graduate students last year, a first year Teach for America corps member, told me that her school mandated two-hours of test prep a day starting the first week of school. Clearly this level of anxiety is counterproductive. It’s not reasonable to place enormous consequences on a test and then expect a school to conduct itself as if this Sword of Damocles isn’t hanging over its head. If we want children to have a well-rounded, content-rich education it’s simply not going to happen (especially in high-poverty, low-performing schools such as the one where I worked) with the existing prep-and-test strategy.

What to do? In a previous piece in the NY Sun, I argued for random testing. If schools didn’t know when they would be tested, the grade or even the subject matter — reading, science, math, etc. — the only way to produce a good result would be (mirabile dictu!) to educate children. One of the interesting issues going forward in ed reform, I think, is how to preserve accountability, which is necessary and good, without turning the accountability measure into one’s sole and exclusive reason for getting out of bed each morning.

Got a better idea? Love to hear it.